Lawson researchers at Parkwood Institute, part of the St. Joseph’s Health Care London family, work to improve both physical and mental health care based on the understanding that conditions of the body and mind are integrally linked. From studies on mobility after brain and spinal cord injury to treatment-resistant depression, a range of different research areas were highlighted on April 21, 2017 at Parkwood Institute Research’s 2017 Spring Update Half-Day event.
Parkwood Institute Research is a Lawson program that represents inter-disciplinary clinical research. At the second annual Spring Update event celebrating this work, attendees learned about research from across Parkwood Institute’s three core research themes: Cognitive Vitality & Brain Health, Mobility & Activity, and Mental Health Care. New this year was the addition of poster presentations, which provided another opportunity for researchers and trainees to promote and share their work.
Learn more about the work Lawson scientists at Parkwood Institute presented at the event:
Cognitive Vitality & Brain Health
Dr. Stephen Pasternak was one of the presenters in the Cognitive Vitality & Brain Health theme. Dr. Pasternak and his team are conducting a phase 2 randomized controlled trial looking at whether a European over-the-counter cough medicine, Ambroxol, could also treat Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD).
“There are currently no effective treatments for cognitive impairment experienced by PDD patients. Existing treatments only treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, but do not stop the disease process itself,” says Dr. Pasternak.
Parkinson’s disease is believed to be caused by the buildup of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain. Ambroxol increases the levels of an enzyme called β-Glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which has been shown to reduce the buildup of alpha-synuclein in animal and cell cultures models, suggesting that this could be used as a treatment for PDD.
This trial is well underway and the first participants have completed the first year of treatment. If successful, this trial will be the first to demonstrate that it is possible to change the underlying cause of PDD.
Mobility & Activity
As part of the Mobility & Activity themed presentations, Dr. Dalton Wolfe discussed an initiative supported by the St. Joseph’s Health Care Foundation and Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation to help improve mobility in patients with acquired brain and spinal cord injuries.
Called the Parkwood Program for Rehabilitation Innovations in Movement Enhancement (PRIME), a key goal of this initiative is to develop and implement a clinical decision support system that integrates approaches to activity-based therapy. Clinicians, researchers, administrators and IT specialists have combined their efforts to initiate development on this system.
“PRIME will provide recommendations for treatment based on patients’ injury level and type, and clinical characteristics,” says Dr. Wolfe. “It will also have suggestions for what to monitor for each patient to challenge them to optimize recovery, as well as to reduce risk of injury or secondary complications.”
This system will also enable electronic tracking of practices and outcomes, moving away from the current paper-based model and creating a practice-based research platform.
Mental Health Care
Dr. Amer Burhan presented his research on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the Mental Health Care portion of the presentations. TMS is a non-invasive method that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. An electromagnetic coil is held against the head and short magnetic pulses are administered, causing a change in activity level in specific targeted areas and allowing for a study of the function and interconnectivity of the brain. The method has been approved to treat depression resistant to medications and has potential to be used to treat other mental and neurological disorders.
Dr. Burhan’s talk focused on the effectiveness of a certain type of TMS, bilateral theta-burst stimulation, in treating patients with depression who are not responsive to medication. This is a new method of TMS that is designed to facilitate change in brain activity and connectivity more efficiently. He presented preliminary results on the first 60 patients treated with this method. So far the treatment has resulted in significant improvement in over half of the patients.
“More studies are planned to understand predictors of response and facilitate individualized selection of treatment for patients struggling with this very disabling illness,” says Dr. Burhan.
